Potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from neglected air and surfaces in hospitals

Hospital infections (HI) are a serious public health problem in many countries. Several studies have identified strains correlating to surgical site infections, many with multi-resistance. The goals of this study was to quantify, to identify and to verify the resistance profile of microorganisms collected at two hospitals settings, and to alert health professionals how environmental contamination can influence hospital infection rates. For air sampling in operating rooms, intensive care unit and materials sterilization center, the impaction method (Spin Air, IUL®) and passive sedimentation were used. For the isolation of bacteria on surfaces and uniforms contact plates (RODAC®) were used. Identification of the microorganisms was performed using Vitek® 2 Systems. The antibiograms were conducted according to the disk diffusion method recommended by CLSI. The surgical center of hospital B presented more than 500 CFU/m3 in aerial microbial load. In the aerial microbiota of the sampled areas of both hospitals, M. luteus, S. haemolyticus and S. hominis spp hominis were the prevalent microorganisms, with a percentage greater than 30%. On the surfaces and uniforms there was a prevalence of M. luteus (40%) and S. hominis spp hominis (20%) among others, and some of the resistant strains were isolated from environments with microbial load within the recommended limits.

Growth, viability and architecture of biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes formed on abiotic surfaces

Abstract The pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food processing plants for many years, even when appropriate hygienic measures are in place, with potential for contaminating ready-to-eat products and, its ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces certainly contributes for the environmental persistence. In this research, L. monocytogenes was grown in biofilms up 8 days attached to stainless steel and glass surfaces, contributing for advancing the knowledge on architecture of mature biofilms, since many literature studies carried out on this topic considered only early stages of cell adhesion. In this study, biofilm populations of two strains of L. monocytogenes (serotypes 1/2a and 4b) on stainless steel coupons and glass were examined using regular fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and classic culture method. The biofilms formed were not very dense and microscopic observations revealed uneven biofilm structures, with presence of exopolymeric matrix surrounding single cells, small aggregates and microcolonies, in a honeycomb-like arrangement. Moreover, planktonic population of L. monocytogenes (present in broth media covering the abiotic surface) remained stable throughout the incubation time, which indicates an efficient dispersal mechanism, since the culture medium was replaced daily. In conclusion, even if these strains of L. monocytogenes were not able to form thick multilayer biofilms, it was noticeable their high persistence on abiotic surfaces, reinforcing the need to focus on measures to avoid biofilm formation, instead of trying to eradicate mature biofilms.

Self-medication in health students from two Brazilian universities

Introduction: Self medication is a component of self care and it is considered as primary public health resource in health care system. It can be defined as use of non-prescription medicines by people on their own initiative. Dentists, together with doctors and veterinarians, comprise the professional classes that may and must prescribe medications for their patients. On the other hand, the nursing professionals are the ones who more administer drugs to patients in the ambulatory and hospital. Objective: This study was aimed to find out the frequency of self medication in selected university students, to find out the difference in the proportions of self medication between dentistry and nursing students, as well to evaluate the students' knowledge of harmful effects of self medication and common problems of students that use the self medication. Material and methods: We were applied 209 questionnaires among dentistry students from the 3rd to 8th semesters at the Paulista University/Goiânia and 542 among nursing students from the 3rd to 8th semesters at the Estacio de Sa University of Goiás. Results and conclusion: In the present study was observed a high rate of self-medication among undergraduate students in the health area, particularly among the dentistry and nurse students. The result was alarming because the professional him/herself who should educate patients and dissuade them from this practice is a habitual user; it makes it more difficult to aspire to the future inhibition and reduction of this practice that is so harmful to health.

Cleidocranial dysplasia associated with the dentigerous cyst: review of the literature and report of the clinical case / Displasia cleidocraniana associada a cisto dentígero: revisão da literatura e relato de caso clínico

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a developmental anomaly of the skeleton and teeth. It can be inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic with high penetrance and variable expressivity. It occurs with equal frequency in both genders and races. The clinical appearance of cleidocranial dysplasia is pathognomonic. The stature is mildly to moderately shortened, with neck appearing long and narrow and the shoulders markedly drooped. Maxillary hypoplasia gives the mandible a relatively prognathic appearance, although some patients may show variable mandibular prognathism due to increased length of the mandible in conjunction with short cranial base. The head and neck features are very variable. Herein, we are described one cleidocranial dysplasia case, in an 84 year female patient, with the dentigerous cyst, which she were not kwon the diagnosis of the her congenital syndrome.

A displasia cleidocraniana é uma alteração de desenvolvimento do esqueleto e dos dentes. É uma desordem autossômica dominante com alta penetrância e expressibilidade variada. Ocorre em igual frequência em ambos os gêneros e raças. Suas características clínicas são patognomônicas. Apresenta estatura baixa a moderada, com aparência do pescoço longo e os ombros caídos. Hipoplasia da maxila gera um aparente prognatismo. As características clinicas em cabeça e pescoço são muito variadas. Este relato descreve um caso de uma paciente de 84 anos com displasia cleidocraniana associada a cisto dentígero a qual não sabia ser portadora de tal síndrome congênita.